萧条(经济学)
压力源
心理学
社会心理的
不利影响
敏化
母亲被剥夺
精神科
心理干预
临床心理学
童年不良经历
医学
发展心理学
神经科学
心理健康
内科学
经济
宏观经济学
作者
Josephine Beatson,Suzanna Taryan
标识
DOI:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01126.x
摘要
Objective: To examine the hypothesis that adverse early relational experiences causing activation of the hypophysial-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during critical early stages of development can predispose to depression. Patients thus affected are likely to manifest insecure patterns of attachment in close relationships and are vulnerable to depression after adverse life events. Method: The literature pertaining to sensitization of the HPA axis in early life and the neurobiology of attachment is examined. Results: Adverse early relational experiences can result in activation of the HPA axis, causing sensitization of depression pathways in the brain. Secure attachment acts as a buffer against HPA activation in response to stress. Infants with insecure attachment lack this buffering effect and may be predisposed to depression and other psychiatric disorders in response to psychosocial stressors. Conclusions: There is a patient group predisposed to depression on the basis of adverse early life experience. In these cases, the neurobiology of attachment offers a means of integrating findings concerning sensitization of the HPA axis in infancy, the effects of early life experience on brain development, and predisposition to depression and other psychiatric disorders. These findings have important implications for the development of interventions aimed at prevention and treatment for this patient group.
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