the progression of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases and, in particular, acute severe pancreatitis, which can be fatal. Key points• Eruptive xanthoma is characterised by numerous yellow-red papules, with sudden onset, that are symmetrically distributed on the extensor surfaces of the extremities.• Eruptive xanthoma is a significant indicator of systemic metabolic disorders, including dyslipidaemia and diabetes.• Early recognition and prompt effective management help prevent acute and chronic complications.