医学
仰卧位
下腔静脉
超声波
心脏病学
核医学
内科学
放射科
作者
Gaurang Vaidya,Andrew Kolodziej,Benjamin Stoner,Josue Villegas Galaviz,Xiangkun Cao,Kory Heier,Mindy Thompson,Emma J. Birks,Kenneth S. Campbell
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ajem.2023.05.042
摘要
Accurate estimation of fluid status is important in the management of heart failure patients, however, the current methods for bedside assessment can be unreliable or impractical for daily use. Non-ventilated patients were enrolled immediately prior to scheduled right heart catheterization (RHC). Using M-mode, IJV maximum (Dmax) and minimum (Dmin) anteroposterior diameters were measured during normal breathing, while supine. Respiratory variation in diameter (RVD) was calculated as [(Dmax - Dmin)/Dmax] in percentage. Collapsibility with sniff maneuver (COS) was assessed. Lastly, inferior vena cava (IVC) was assessed. Pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) was calculated. Data was obtained by five investigators. Total 176 patients were enrolled. Mean BMI was 30.5 kg/m2, LVEF 14–69% (range), 38% with LVEF ≤35%. The POCUS of IJV could be performed in all patients in <5 min. Increasing RAP demonstrated progressive increase in IJV and IVC diameters. For high filling pressure (RAP ≥10 mmHg), an IJV Dmax ≥1.2 cm or IJV-RVD < 30% had specificity >70%. Combining the POCUS of IJV to physical examination improved the combined specificity to 97% for RAP ≥10 mmHg. Conversely, a finding of IJV-COS was 88% specific for normal RAP (<10 mmHg). An IJV-RVD <15% is suggested as a cutoff for RAP ≥15 mmHg. The performance of IJV POCUS was comparable to IVC. For RV function assessment, IJV-RVD < 30% had 76% sensitivity and 73% specificity for PAPi <3, while IJV-COS was 80% specific for PAPi ≥3. POCUS of IJV is an easy to perform, specific and reliable method for volume status estimation in daily practice. An IJV-RVD < 30% is suggested for estimation of RAP ≥10 mmHg and PAPi <3.
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