A patent review of SCF E3 ligases inhibitors for cancer：structural design, pharmacological activities and structure–activity relationship

Currently, as the largest family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, Skp1-Cullin 1-F-box (SCF) E3 ligase complexes have attracted extensive attention. Among SCF complexes, Skp2, β-TrCP, and FBXW7 have undergone extensive research on their structures and functions. Previous studies suggest Skp2, β-TrCP, and FBXW7 are overexpressed in numerous cancers. Thus, the SCF E3 ligase complex has become a significant target for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Over the past few decades, a variety of anti-tumor inhibitors targeting the SCF E3 ligase complex have been attempted. However, since almost none of the SCF E3 ligase inhibitors passed clinical trials, the design and synthesis of the new inhibitors are needed. Here, we will introduce the structure and function of Skp2, β-TrCP, and FBXW7, their connections with cancer development, the relevant in vitro and in vivo activities, selectivity, structure-activity relationships, and the therapeutic or preventive application of small molecule inhibitors targeting these three F-box proteins reported in the patent (2010-present). This information will help develop drugs targeting the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase, providing new strategies for future cancer treatments.