Reproductive toxicity of maternal exposure to di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate and butyl paraben (alone or in association) on both male and female Wistar offspring

肛门生殖距离 邻苯二甲酸盐 后代 对羟基苯甲酸酯 生殖毒性 内分泌学 内科学 玉米油 包皮腺 毒性 生物 发情周期 精子发生 支持细胞 生理学 怀孕 医学 化学 胎儿 子宫内 防腐剂 有机化学 遗传学 食品科学
作者
Marina Trevizan Guerra,Rafaela Pires Erthal,Ana Paula Franco Punhagui‐Umbelino,Camila Moreira Trinque,Maria Antônia Torres de Bari,Thamires D'Alexandre Mendonça Nunes,Wagner Ferrari Costa,Pedro Horácio Cleto,Glaura Scantamburlo Alves Fernandes
出处
期刊:Journal of Applied Toxicology [Wiley]
卷期号:43 (2): 242-261 被引量:7
标识
DOI:10.1002/jat.4377
摘要

Abstract Parabens and phthalates are commonly found as contaminants in human fluids and are able to provoke reproductive toxicity, being considered endocrine disruptors. To evaluate the effects of phthalate and paraben, alone or in combination, on reproductive development of the offspring, female pregnant Wistar rats were allocated in six experimental groups: Three control groups (gavage [CG], subcutaneous [CS], and gavage + subcutaneous) received corn oil as vehicle, and the remaining groups were exposed to di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) (500 mg/kg, gavage), butyl paraben (BP) (100 mg/kg, subcutaneously), or MIX (DEHP + BP), from Gestational Day 12 until Postnatal Day (PND) 21. The following parameters were assessed on the offspring: anogenital distance and weight at PND 1, nipple counting at PND 13, puberty onset, estrous cycle, weights of reproductive and detoxifying organs, histological evaluation of reproductive organs, and sperm evaluations (counts, morphology, and motility). Female pups from MIX group presented reduced body weight at PND 1, lower AGD, and decreased endometrium thickness. Male animals showed decreased body weight at PND 1 and lower number of Sertoli cells on DEHP and MIX groups, MIX group revealed increase of abnormal seminiferous tubules, DEHP animals presented delayed preputial separation and higher percentage of immotile sperms, and BP males presented diminished number of Leydig cells. In conclusion, the male offspring was more susceptible to DEHP toxicity; even when mixed to paraben, the main negative effects observed seem to be due to antiandrogenic phthalate action. On the other hand, DEHP seems to be necessary to improve the effects of BP on reducing estrogen‐dependent and increasing androgen‐dependent events.
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