Adverse events of 20–22G second‐generation endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy needles for solid lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract and adjacent organs: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

Objectives Previous research has conducted meta‐analyses on the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy (EUS‐FNB). However, studies on adverse events (AEs) have been limited and sporadic and have included a highly diverse group of patients (with upper and lower gastrointestinal tract issues) and needles of varying sizes (19‐22‐25G). The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine the incidence of AEs related to the utilization of 20–22G second‐generation EUS‐FNB needles subsequent to puncture of the upper gastrointestinal tract and adjacent organs. Methods We searched the PubMed, Embase, and SCIE databases from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2023. The primary outcome was percentage of summary AEs. Subgroup analyses were based on needle type, needle size, and lesion site. Results A total of 99 studies were included in the analysis, with 9303 patients. The overall AE rate for 20–22G second generation EUS‐FNB needles in upper gastrointestinal EUS‐FNB was 1.8% (166/9303), with bleeding being the most common AE at 44.0%. The percentages of pancreatitis, abdominal pain, and other AEs were 24.1%, 21.1%, and 10.8%, respectively. Patients undergoing hepatic EUS‐FNB had the highest incidence of AEs at 14.0%, followed by submucosal lesions at 3.2% and pancreatic lesions at 2.6%. Conclusion EUS‐FNB is a safe procedure with a relatively low risk of upper gastrointestinal AEs (1.8%) and no associated deaths. Postoperative bleeding and pancreatitis are the most common complications of EUS‐FNB. Most AEs are mild and self‐limiting in severity, and serious complications are very rare.