Long-term Outcomes of Stenting Superior Cava and Brachio-cephalic Vein Occlusion in Hemodialysis Patients with Arteriovenous Fistulas

Central vein occlusion (CVO) is a significant complication in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, often leading to dialysis inefficacy, disabling symptoms, and, most critically, major risk of access failure. While stenting has been proposed as a technique to maintain vascular access patency following the recanalization of occluded central veins, the data supporting its long-term efficacy remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of stenting occluded superior vena cava (SVC) and/or brachiocephalic veins (BCV) to preserve vascular access patency, ensure continued dialysis efficacy and relieve SVC syndrome.