Graphene Quantum Dots‐Based Materials as an Emerging Nanoplatform in Disease Diagnosis and Therapy

Abstract Graphene quantum dots are a subclass of graphene‐based materials that exhibit unique properties due to their nanoscale size and quantum confinement effects. Discovered in the early 21st century, these zero‐dimensional carbon nanomaterials have rapidly become important in nanotechnology research due to their diverse applications. In recent years, the medical community has been greatly benefited from these materials, significantly enhancing human health and well‐being with theranostic approaches. The present review explores various applications of graphene quantum dots in diagnostic and therapeutic, unraveling their potential contributions to advancing healthcare. Furthermore, this review elucidates the synthesis methods utilized for graphene quantum dots, encompassing a range of top‐down and bottom‐up approaches. Next, the unique fundamental properties including structural, optical, and electrical that make them a potent nanomaterial for use in healthcare have been elucidated for enhanced reader comprehension. Additionally, the review explores the opportunities and challenges ahead, offering valuable insights to help the scientific community strategically expand the potential of graphene quantum dot‐based materials for advanced theranostic healthcare applications.