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The Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression Performance of Polyvinyl Chloride Composites with an Efficient Flame Retardant System

阻燃剂 三氧化二锑 硼酸锌 极限氧指数 材料科学 聚氯乙烯 复合材料 热分解 滑石 极限抗拉强度 热稳定性 烟雾 热重分析 复合数 热解 化学工程 化学 有机化学 烧焦 工程类
作者
Yunan Chen,Qingshan Wu,Na Li,Tao Tang,Xing Xie,Cece Zhang,Yuxin Zuo
出处
期刊:Coatings [MDPI AG]
卷期号:13 (10): 1814-1814
标识
DOI:10.3390/coatings13101814
摘要

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the most widely used general flame-retardant plastic worldwide; however, the large number of plasticizers added during processing significantly reduces its flame-retardant property. To prepare a new type of PVC material with highly efficient flame retardancy and smoke suppression, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), talc powder, hydromagnesite, and zinc borate were added in different proportions to PVC to explore the flame-retardant properties, thermal weight, smoke density (Ds), and mechanical properties of the composite materials. Results showed that the limiting oxygen index value of each group was higher than 27% after adding talc powder, magnesite, and zinc borate to replace part of the Sb2O3. This value was within the refractory-grade level and indicated a good flame retardancy performance. The replacement effect was in line with the experimental expectation. The lowest Ds peak value was 656.4 when the flame retardants were added with 10 wt% Sb2O3, 50 wt% hydromagnesite, 20 wt% talc, and 20 wt% Zn3BO6. Compared with pure Sb2O3 as a flame retardant, the Ds peak value decreased by 46.7%. The thermogravimetric decomposition temperature of the composites in each group was generally higher than that of the group with pure Sb2O3 as a flame retardant, increasing by 45.3 °C. The thermal stability of the composites was improved, and the elongation at the break and tensile strength were 234.9% and 25.8 MPa, respectively, indicating good mechanical properties. The results showed that using compound flame retardants to replace most of the Sb2O3 is an effective technique for obtaining good flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PVC. This study, not only reduced the manufacturing cost of flame-retardant PVC, but also effectively reduced its smoke density and the time to reach the highest smoke density, which provided a research reference for the application and promotion of flame-retardant PVC.
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