Fabrication of stimuli-responsive nanoparticles for high-efficiency chlorantraniliprole delivery and smart control of Spodoptera frugiperda

A novel stimuli-responsive delivery system consisting of silicon-based material and environmental-friendly carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) coating was designed to enhance the distribution of chlorantraniliprole (Cap) in maize plants (Zea mays L.) against fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Herein, Cap was loaded into mesoporous silica nanoparticles and coated with CMCS as a delivery system. The synthesized Cap-loaded nanoparticles had a particle size of about 35 nm with good Cap loading efficiency and sustained-release properties. On the other hand, the delivery system could expand the distribution and duration of Cap in maize. Due to the difference in pH sensitivity of the nanocarrier, it improved the insecticidal activity of Cap against S. frugiperda and showed good biocompatibility for zebrafish (Danio rerio). Briefly, this new strategy for protecting maize plants not only meets the needs of the pest management markets, but also facilitates the utilization of agrochemical.