Peculiar Wave Structure of the Mesospheric Sporadic Sodium Layer Observed by Lidars in Hefei (31.8°N, 117.3°E) and Wuhan (30.5°N, 114°E), Central China

Abstract Lidar observations are an effective tracker for identifying atmospheric wave signals. In this research, observations through three lidars are utilized to study the wave structures. A broadband sodium fluorescence lidar and a narrowband Temperature/Wind (T/W) lidar located at Hefei (31.8°N, 117.3°E), while the third lidar system, a broadband lidar system, is located in Wuhan (30.5°N, 114.4°E), about 310 km from Hefei. The three lidars can observe sodium density, temperature and wind profiles simultaneously. Joint sodium density measurements by the fourth lidar beams from Wuhan and Hefei yield a peculiar Na S with distinguished C‐structure and a large horizontal scale of wave structure over more than 310 km, on 21 December 2014. The Na S event occurring at 14:20 to 17:50 UT corresponds well to the region where the Richardson Number ( Ri ) is larger than 10, which in turn indicates that the Na S was formed in an extremely stable atmosphere. Results from the Lomb‐Scargle periodogram analysis suggest that the occurrence and evolution of this Na S event may have been caused by a gravity wave with a period of about 1.25 hr, and its end is closely related to the gravity wave fragmentation caused by convective instability.