Identification and Management of a Novel PRDM5 Gene Pathologic Variant in a Family With Brittle Cornea Syndrome

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report a novel PRDM5 pathologic variant and ophthalmic findings in a family with 3 children diagnosed with brittle cornea syndrome (BCS). Histopathologic findings and surgical outcome of a child with BCS who underwent full-thickness corneal transplant are described. Methods: This is an observational case report of a nonconsanguineous Laotian family with 3 siblings diagnosed with BCS. Data collected included visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, dilated fundus examination, corneal pachymetry, corneal topography, and general medical findings. Targeted testing through PRDM5 gene sequencing with copy number variation detection was conducted. Results: The 3 siblings included a 12-year-old boy and 8- and 6-year-old sisters, all of whom presented with myopia, blue-tinted sclerae, thin corneas, and variable corneal scarring. All 3 affected children were found to be homozygous for the PRDM5 gene variant c.1117_1123delinsTTTAATGCTTACAAATGTTTG p.Asp373Phefs*57. Coding sequences of PRDM5 and ZNF469 genes were sequenced in their entirety, and this was the only pathologic variant present in this family. The youngest affected sister developed persistent hydrops with severely decreased vision and underwent penetrating keratoplasty. Histopathology revealed severe corneal thinning, diffuse absence of Bowman layer, and ruptured Descemet membrane scrolls. Conclusions: Three siblings with clinical signs of BCS, including corneal thinning, myopia, and blue sclerae, were found to have a novel PRDM5 gene pathologic variant. This pathologic variant has not been previously reported, although 1 downstream nonsense pathologic variant has been reported as pathogenic. The similar phenotypes in all affected patients support the pathogenicity of this variant. Surgical management of BCS presents unique challenges due to severe tissue fragility.