材料科学
复合材料
固化(化学)
复合数
无线传感器网络
环氧树脂
电介质
聚合物
介电常数
航空航天
电子工程
计算机科学
光电子学
工程类
航空航天工程
计算机网络
作者
Benedikt Dorbath,Jan Schür,Gerhard Ziegmann,Martin Vossiek
出处
期刊:IEEE Sensors Journal
[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]
日期:2023-10-15
卷期号:23 (20): 24438-24451
标识
DOI:10.1109/jsen.2023.3310739
摘要
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have become indispensable in certain industries, such as aerospace, wind turbines, and automobiles, primarily due to their excellent mechanical robustness combined with relatively low weight compared with materials of comparative strength. In addition to the choice of the matrix and fiber material within a composite, the curing process of the matrix material is essential for the final mechanical properties of the manufactured composite material. To monitor and optimize this critical curing process, we developed a passive, wireless in situ sensor that provides information about the momentary degree of cure by measuring the resonance frequency, which is dependent on the permittivity of the matrix material. This resonator-based sensor operates at around 45 GHz, which results in small geometric dimensions; its elliptical design with major axis diameters of 26 and 14 mm and a circuit board height of ${{475} \mu \text {m}}$ aims to minimize the mechanical weakening of composites through the addition of the in situ sensors. Moreover, cylindrical dielectric channels mounted on top of the sensors’ orthogonally polarized patch antennas enable the application of our sensor within conductive CFRPs. The functionality of this sensor concept is confirmed with a precise simulation model and climate-controlled measurements during the curing process of epoxy resin and CFRPs. Thereby, the measured change in resonance frequency and the predicted degree of cure of the carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced composite match closely, confirming the applicability of this sensor design in conductive CFRP composites.
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