Femtosecond laser processed superhydrophobic surface

Femtosecond laser has offered a precise, controllable, and environmentally friendly solution for manufacturing superhydrophobic surfaces adorned with micro and nanostructures. It has shown great application value in self-cleaning, anti-icing, drag reduction, droplet manipulation, water/fog harvesting, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, oil-water separation, and antibacterial functionality. In light of these advancements, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review and insightful discussion regarding the development of fs laser-processed superhydrophobic surfaces, encompassing surface microstructure and chemistry states. In terms of microstructure, the review explores remarkable superhydrophobic properties associated with LIPSS, microgroove hierarchical structures, microcolumn/microcone hierarchical structures, micro pits/holes hierarchical structures, and other random nanostructures. These distinctive surface architectures have illustrated notable capabilities in achieving superhydrophobicity. Furthermore, the analysis delves into the realm of surface chemical states, offering detailed insights into the utilization of fs laser technology as a means to attain surface superhydrophobic functionality. Alongside this, the paper presents a comprehensive summary of research progress pertaining to the efficient replication of polymer superhydrophobic surfaces embedded with micro and nanostructures. This review will facilitate enhanced comprehension and foster a deeper appreciation of the interplay between fs laser processing technology and wettability.