Advanced materials in sorbent-based analytical sample preparation

New advanced materials' potential as sorbents during the sample preparation process has recently been highlighted by developments in contemporary analytical chemistry applications. The tunable compositions of advanced materials in combination with the variety of possible surface modifications, provide excellent potential for developing sample preparation techniques for different analytes. Advanced materials have been shown to give higher pre-concentration factors, which improves analytical sensitivity and selectivity to target specific analytes in a variety of matrices. The size of pores, surface area, the stability in thermal and chemical, physical and chemical properties of the sorbent material are crucial for their efficiency as extraction phase. Recent developments in the design and use of advanced materials as an extraction phase in sample preparation will be highlighted in this review, which influences their performance as an extraction phase for analytical sample preparation. We cover a broad range of materials including metal/metal oxide nanomaterials, magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots, ionic liquids, carbon-based nanomaterials, layered double hydroxides, covalent-organic frameworks, metal–orgaّnic frameworks, polyoxometalates, MXenes, nanofibers, aptamers, conductive polymers, molecularly imprinted materials, restricted access materials, immunosorbent and natural materials. Future applications and challenges associated with the development of new sorbents for analytical applications will be also highlighted.