Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Intestinal Permeability in Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Animal Studies

肠道通透性 益生菌 超重 医学 肠道菌群 阿克曼西亚 肥胖 内科学 临床试验 微生物群 动物研究 胃肠病学 乳酸菌 免疫学 生物 生物信息学 食品科学 细菌 发酵 遗传学
作者
Zachary DiMattia,Janhavi Damani,Emily Van Syoc,Connie J. Rogers
出处
期刊:Advances in Nutrition [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:15 (1): 100162-100162 被引量:3
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100162
摘要

Overweight and obesity are associated with increased intestinal permeability, characterized by loss of gut epithelial integrity, resulting in unregulated passage of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other inflammatory triggers into circulation, i.e. metabolic endotoxemia. In obesity, shifts in the gut microbiome negatively impact intestinal permeability. Probiotics are an intervention that can target the gut microbiome by introducing beneficial microbial species, potentially restoring gut barrier integrity. Currently, the role of probiotic supplementation in ameliorating obesity- and overweight-associated increases in gut permeability has not been reviewed. This systematic review aimed to summarize findings from both animal and clinical studies that evaluated the effect of probiotic supplementation on obesity-induced impairment in intestinal permeability (PROSPERO, International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, CRD42022363538). A literature search was conducted using PubMed (Medline), Web of Science and CAB Direct from origin until August 2023 using keywords of intestinal permeability; overweight or obesity; and probiotic supplementation. Of 920 records, 26 eligible records were included, comprising 12 animal and 14 clinical studies. Clinical trials ranged from three to 26 weeks and were mostly parallel-arm (n=13) or crossover (n=1) design. In both animal and clinical studies, plasma/serum LPS was the most common measure of intestinal permeability. Eleven of 12 animal studies reported a positive effect of probiotic supplementation in reducing intestinal permeability. However, results from clinical trials were inconsistent, with half reporting reductions in serum LPS and half reporting no differences after probiotic supplementation. Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia emerged as the most common genera in probiotic formulations among the animal and clinical studies that yielded positive results, suggesting that specific bacteria may be more effective at reducing intestinal permeability and improving gut barrier function. However, better standardization of strain use, dosage, duration, and delivery matrix is needed to fully understand probiotic impact on intestinal permeability in individuals with overweight and obesity. This systematic review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the efficacy of probiotic supplementation in reducing overweight- or obesity-associated increases in intestinal permeability. Probiotic genus, strain, dosage, length of supplementation, and delivery matrix were identified as important factors that may impact the ability of probiotics to reduce intestinal permeability in adults with overweight and obesity in both animal and clinical studies.
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