Cationic micelle delivery of a multi‐epitope vaccine candidate derived from tumor‐associated antigens, causing regression in established CT26 colorectal tumors in mice

Abstract Among all the cancers, colorectal cancer (CRC) has the third mortality rank in both genders. Cancer vaccines have shown promising results in boosting patients' immune systems to fight cancer. Using the IEDB database, we predicted mouse MHC‐I (H2‐Ld) binding epitopes from four tumor‐associated antigens (APC, KRAS, TP53, and PIK3CA) and designed a multi‐epitope vaccine. We expressed the candidate vaccine and encapsulated it into the cationic micelle with polyethyleneimine conjugated to oleic acid as its building blocks. We studied tumor inhibition effect, cytokine production, and lymphocyte proliferation in the mouse CRC model after vaccination. Our finding illustrated significant tumor growth inhibition in mouse models treated with the candidate nanovaccine. Besides the significant release of IFN‐γ and IL‐4 by immunized mouse spleen T‐lymphocytes, T‐cell proliferation assay results confirmed effective immune response after the vaccination. These results demonstrate the potential therapeutic effects of nanovaccines and could be a possible approach to CRC immunotherapy.