Chinese dragon's blood ethyl acetate extract suppresses gastric cancer progression through induction of apoptosis and autophagy mediated by activation of MAPK and downregulation of the mTOR‐Beclin1 signalling cascade

Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. Chinese dragon's blood is a traditional Chinese medicine derived from the red resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. C. Chen. However, the antigastric cancer effect of Chinese dragon's blood has not yet been reported. Herein, we demonstrated that Chinese dragon's blood ethyl acetate extract (CDBEE) suppressed the proliferative and metastatic potential of human gastric cancer MGC-803 and HGC-27 cells. CDBEE suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition in MGC-803 and HGC-27 cells. Moreover, CDBEE induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death in MGC-803 and HGC-27 cells. The cytotoxicity of CDBEE in human gastric epithelial GES-1 cells was dramatically weaker than that in human gastric cancer cells. Mechanistically, the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway was involved in the growth inhibition of MGC-803 and HGC-27 cells by CDBEE. Additionally, CDBEE-induced autophagic cell death was mediated by downregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-Beclin1 signalling cascade and upregulation of the ATG3/ATG7-LC3 signalling cascade. Importantly, CDBEE exhibited potent anti-GC efficacy in vivo without obvious toxicity or side effects. Therefore, CDBEE may be a promising candidate drug for the treatment of gastric cancer, especially for GC patients with aberrant MAPK signalling or mTOR signalling.