Review on the durability of eco-friendly engineering cementitious composite (ECC)

A comprehensive manual review of the use of slag and fly ash in engineered cement-based composites (ECBCs) was conducted. The extensive use of supplementary cementitious materials and integrated fibers in engineered cement-based composite (ECBCs) in seawater composite structures can help to enhance the durability of infrastructure in marine environments and minimize the extensive use of cement and CO2 emissions in the construction industry. This paper retrieved journal and review articles on slag/fly ash utilization in ECBCs from the Scopus database, mainly from 2015 to 2022, and performed an analysis using a suitable software tool. It also provided an up-to-date review of the literature on eco-friendly engineered cementitious composites' (ECC) durability, with in-depth discussions on the effects of temperature fluctuation on ECCs, supplementary cementitious material, frost and salt corrosion resistance, pre-cracking, seawater resistance, and microstructural alteration. The durability of ECCs is closely related to the behaviors of the fiber distribution, matrix, and fiber-matrix interface under various environmental conditions. The main factors causing the deterioration of the engineering cement-based composites are fiber orientation and dispersion, frost resistance, corrosion, and alkaline environment. Fiber dispersion is mainly assumed to be highly homogeneous in theory, but in practice, due to the uneven dispersion of the fibers the property of each composite structure is not uniform. Further, among all issue associated with durability, sulfate salt attack considered as the most significant environmental deterioration process that affect the resilience of hydraulic structure. At last, it is necessary to conduct additional research on the durability of ECC under various environmental conditions to comprehend its behavior in the actual world. The experimental data currently available on the short-term durability of ECC fluctuate over time. Which indicates that the mechanisms for the long-term degradation of ECC under specific environmental conditions remain unknown.