The linear stability and basic reproduction numbers for autonomous FDEs

In this paper, we first prove the stability equivalence between a linear autonomous and cooperative functional differential equation (FDE) and its associated autonomous and cooperative system without time delay.Then we present the theory of basic reproduction number R 0 for general autonomous FDEs.As an illustrative example, we also establish the threshold dynamics for a time-delayed population model of black-legged ticks in terms of R 0 .