A robust photo-thermal and electro-thermal superhydrphobic surface for all-weather anti-icing/deicing

Photo-thermal superhydrophobic surfaces with photo-thermal effect exhibit huge potential for anti-icing/deicing, but are limited by their dependency on light. Alternatively, electro-thermal surfaces, while effective, lead to significant energy consumption. Here, we design an all-weather anti-icing/deicing superhydrophobic surface (PESHS), which combines photo-thermal and electro-thermal effects to overcome these limitations. The PESHS with mechanical durability is fabricated by depositing TiC nanoparticles on micro porous structures that is constructed by the atypical localized pitting etching. This design results in excellent solar absorptance (98.5 %) and effective Joule heating capabilities, enabling the temperature to heat up by 65oC under 1-sun illumination and 35oC at a power density of 0.2 W/cm2. In addition to effectively extend the icing delay time (∼ 450 s at å−15oC) under higher relative humidity conditions (> 80 %), the PESHS can quickly melt and remove ice and frost accumulated on the surface. Even in extremely cold conditions of -60oC, the PESHS still possesses anti-freezing performance. Facing abrasion and corrosion environments, the excellent all-weather anti-icing/deicing performances of the PESHS are maintained by the superior mechanical robustness of micro/nano structures, offering a widespread prospect for practical industry and agricultural applications in complex and harsh environments.