CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, SIGNALING, GENE/CELL THERAPY AND ADVANCED NANOBIOMATERIALS

Cardiovascular biomaterials (also known as CB) are the most common type of biomaterials, both in terms of investments and demand. This review article compiles information on the CB and categorizes it into three primary categories: metals, polymers, and biological materials. Blood compatibility is one of the primary parameters that restricts the use of biomaterials for cardiovascular applications. Within the scope of this study, a number of significant figures concerning blood compatibility are investigated. There were a variety of surface modification techniques that were being utilized at the moment in order to enhance the compatibility of the CB. For the purpose of gaining a deeper comprehension, a number of contemporary applications of surface modification techniques on materials for cardiovascular devices were also discussed. Last but not least, the utilization of induced human pluripotent stem cells, the endothelization of cardiac implants, and the current trend of CB. As a result of the rapid expansion of the field of CB, a significant number of new researchers and academics are developing an interest in it. This overview will serve as a one-stop shop for quickly gaining an understanding of the fundamental studies that have been conducted in the field of CB.