In order to quantitatively study the migration and retention of polymer microspheres in oil reservoirs, three kinds of fluorescent polymer microspheres P(AM-BA-AMCO), P(AM-BA-Ac-Flu) and P(AM-BA-RhB) were synthesized. Effects of fluorescent monomer on the performance of polymer microspheres were researched systematically. The results showed that addition of low concentration fluorescent monomers had no significant effect on initial particle size and swelling property of polymer microspheres. When the fluorescent monomers were added to microspheres, red shift of the luminescence spectrums occurred and the red shift distance of coumarin monomer was the shortest. The fluorescence intensity of microspheres was greater than that of fluorescent monomer itself, and the fluorescence intensity of the microsphere containing rhodamine monomer increased to a greater extent. The addition of fluorescent monomer could destroy the structure of hydrophilic polymer microsphere bulk gel to a certain extent and affect the creep performance of polymer microsphere bulk gel.