Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI histogram parameters predict progression-free survival in patients with advanced esophageal squamous carcinoma receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy

Background There is increased interest in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for predicting the outcomes of patients with advanced esophageal cancer. Purpose To explore whether DCE-MRI histogram parameters can predict 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced esophageal squamous carcinoma receiving concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Material and Methods This retrospective study enrolled 134 patients with advanced esophageal squamous carcinoma who were receiving CRT. The pre-CRT DCE-MRI histogram parameters (median, mean, SD, skewness, kurtosis, and 10th and 90th percentiles) of K trans , K ep , and V e were collected. PFS analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank tests to compute the survival curves. The significant prognostic predictors among the data characteristics and DCE-MRI parameters were determined using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Results There were 65 good responders (PFS ≥ 12 months) and 69 poor responders (PFS < 12 months). The median and mean values of K trans were higher, and the kurtosis value of K trans was lower in good responders. The median, mean, and 10th and 90th percentile values of K trans were higher, and the kurtosis values of K trans and V e were lower in good responders. The PFS of patients aged ≥60 years, a CR effect, or a 10th percentile value of K trans ≥0.13 was increased ( P < 0.001, <0.001, and 0.014, respectively). Conclusion DCE-MRI histogram parameters can be used to evaluate the response to CRT in patients with advanced esophageal squamous carcinoma. The 10th percentile value of K trans has significant prognostic value for 12-month PFS.