Participatory Approaches in the Planning of Drinking Water Supply and Basic Sanitation Projects in the Rural Areas of Colombia

The main goal of this study is to evaluate the application of participatory approaches in the planning of drinking water supply (DWS) and basic sanitation (BS) projects in rural communities of Colombia. Information was collected through interviews with experts, official and scientific publications. The analysis utilized qualitative methodologies (coding, integration, and triangulation of information) and the Business Model Canvas (non-profits). The results show the adopted different participatory approaches in the planning of the same kind of projects. In addition, the results suggest that the use of these methodologies in the planning of the projects allows the selection of technologies that adapt to the cultural, social and economic conditions of the beneficiary communities; it also generates a sense of belonging, and systems ownership, which results in their sustainability. However, the results indicate that institutional, social, financial, technical and political aspects limit its application. The analysis showed for the effective incorporation of participatory approach (PA) in the planning of DWS and BS in Colombia is necessary to define guiding instruments for the planning and development of participatory processes, to strengthen capacities of the professionals in charge of project planning, local governments and communities; and allocation of the financial resources to carry out the processes.