Application of graphite carbon nitride in the field of biomedicine: Latest progress and challenges

As a new type of graphene-like material, graphitic polymeric carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has gradually attracted great interest in the field of biomedicine due to their unique element composition and photoelectric features. g-C3N4 composed only of carbon and nitrogen has outstanding biocompatibility, which was beneficial to the application in the field of biomedicine. The fluorescent characteristics of g-C3N4 can be applied to biological imaging. Furthermore, its appropriate energy level (2.7 eV) can promote the deposition of electrons, making g-C3N4 useful for antibacterial materials and photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this manuscript, we systematically reviewed the preparation methods of g-C3N4 and its latest developments in biomedical applications, and the biological safety of g-C3N4 is discussed in-depth. The challenges and prospects of g-C3N4 in biology and medicines are also discussed in detail. It is foreseeable that the emerging g-C3N4 will be recognized the clinical applications in the near future.