Association of sensory impairment with healthcare use and costs among middle-aged and older adults in China

视力障碍 医学 置信区间 医疗保健 队列研究 人口学 感觉系统 队列 老年学 心理学 精神科 内科学 经济增长 社会学 经济 认知心理学
作者
Yue Ding,Yingyan Liu,Xiang‐Yu Hou,Yong Tian,Wei Du,Lijun Fan
出处
期刊:Public Health [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:206: 20-28 被引量:5
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.puhe.2022.02.012
摘要

This study aimed to explore the association of visual, hearing, or dual sensory impairment with healthcare use and costs.This is a cohort study.These research data were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study spanning 2011-2018 and included 8982 community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults (aged ≥45 years at baseline). Sensory impairment was measured according to self-reported assessment of visual and hearing functions, and healthcare use and costs were ascertained via self-report. The associations of sensory impairment with healthcare use and costs were estimated using the mixed-effects regression models.Of the 8982 respondents, 4346 (48.39%) were females and their mean (standard deviation) age at baseline was 57.03 (8.26) years. Individuals with hearing impairment (HI) only, visual impairment (VI) only, and dual sensory impairment (DSI) were all at significantly higher risks of healthcare use and catastrophic health expenditure than those without sensory impairment (all P < 0.05), except that VI only non-significantly prolonged inpatient days. Compared with no impairment, DSI was associated with increases in outpatient (β = 50.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.47-83.86) and inpatient out-of-pocket costs (β = 40.35, 95% CI = 5.94-74.76), while VI only or HI only did not show significant effects. Further stratification analyses indicated that the associations between sensory impairment and outpatient use were more pronounced among males than among females but that age group did not moderate the associations with any healthcare outcomes.HI and VI were independently and together associated with higher risks of healthcare use and catastrophic health expenditure. Dual sensory impairment was the only category consistently associated with increased outpatient and inpatient costs.
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