Epigenetics

This chapter explores the role of epigenetic modifications in atopic dermatitis. It draws its data from various translational studies performed over the last two decades to define the role of three epigenetic mediators (DNA methylation, microRNAs, and histone modifications) in the immune dysfunction and breakdown of epidermal integrity associated with atopic dermatitis. We emphasize how adaptive immunity via helper T cell subsets is influenced by these three major epigenetic modifications. This chapter provides an overview of the epigenetic findings in atopic conditions such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, as well as other inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis, which have overlapping or shared molecular mechanisms with atopic dermatitis. Lastly, the chapter introduces potential experimental applications for epigenetic modifications, including their utilization as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for atopic dermatitis.