Modeling the Imperfect Driver: Incorporating Human Factors in a Microscopic Traffic Model

In this paper, we present the enhanced human driver model (EHDM), a time-continuous microscopic car-following model, which considers numerous characteristics attributable to the human driver. It is based on the popular intelligent driver model and the human driver model (HDM), a meta-model which enables the integration of human driving behavior into classical follow-the-leader models. We extend the HDM by adding variable, situation-dependent reaction times, different types of driver distraction, and driving errors to the model. Furthermore, we show that the EHDM provides a more thorough representation of human driving behavior compared with the HDM by performing dynamic traffic simulations and by validating both models with the aid of real-word vehicle data captured in an extensive field test.