A Comprehensive Overview of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Types, Recombinant and Natural Extract Allergens in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergies

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) involves administering allergen extracts. It is used to desensitize allergic patients. Herbal allergen extracts that are optimum in efficacy and fewest in side effects are still challenging to produce. To overcome these limitations, oral immunotherapy, epicutaneous immunotherapy, intralymphatic immunotherapy, and artificial recombinant allergen preparations have been evaluated. Recombinant allergens have become more popular with the development of molecular diagnostics and therapeutics. Besides food and drug allergens, pollen, fungal spores, and other allergens have been studied. Based on related clinical studies, this comprehensive overview will present the latest perspectives on AIT methods and available allergenic products, as well as discuss the challenges and opportunities for treating allergic disorders.