Advances in green bioproduction of marine and glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides

Functional oligosaccharides are a class of low-polymerization sugars with physiological functions, showing great potential in the fields of food, medicine, and agriculture, with economic and social value. Certain functional oligosaccharides (e.g., marine oligosaccharides and glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides) are mainly prepared by degradation of natural polysaccharides using physical and chemical methods. These strategies present problems, including harsh reaction conditions, serious pollution, and variations in product quality. Recently, specific techniques have been applied to the green production of functional oligosaccharides. In this paper, the classification and biological effects of marine oligosaccharides and glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides are firstly introduced. Then, recent research progress and related databases for green biological preparation of marine oligosaccharides and glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides are reviewed, and optimization strategies for green bioproduction are summarized. Finally, the limitations and prospects of the current green synthesis strategies are discussed.