Evaluating diversity, equity, and inclusivity in outdoor programs for veterans on public lands

Outdoor programs operating on U.S. public lands introduce a range of activities, settings, and therapies for veterans experiencing post-traumatic stress, injuries, or disabilities. The extent to which these programs serve diverse veteran populations is not well understood in terms of race, ethnicity, age, gender, ability, or socioeconomic status. Since governmental agencies are increasingly required to foster diversity, equity, and inclusivity, this presents a knowledge gap with policy implications. We paired a thematic analysis of interviews with outdoor professionals with a content analysis of program websites. We found that promotional materials for outdoor veterans' programs feature predominantly White, male, youthful clientele without visible disabilities, potentially making it difficult for others to see a place for themselves. Interviewees expressed concern about their ability to accommodate participants' diverse identities and abilities. We discuss how program providers and public land managers can improve inclusivity and serve diverse populations of veterans.