Bioinspired design of Na-ion conduction channels in covalent organic frameworks for quasi-solid-state sodium batteries

Abstract Solid polymer electrolytes are considered among the most promising candidates for developing practical solid-state sodium batteries. However, moderate ionic conductivity and narrow electrochemical windows hinder their further application. Herein, inspired by the Na + /K + conduction in biological membranes, we report a (–COO – )-modified covalent organic framework (COF) as a Na-ion quasi-solid-state electrolyte with sub-nanometre-sized Na + transport zones (6.7–11.6 Å) created by adjacent –COO – groups and COF inwalls. The quasi-solid-state electrolyte enables selective Na + transport along specific areas that are electronegative with sub-nanometre dimensions, resulting in a Na + conductivity of 1.30×10 –4 S cm –1 and oxidative stability of up to 5.32 V (versus Na + /Na) at 25 ± 1 °C. Testing the quasi-solid-state electrolyte in Na||Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 coin cell configuration demonstrates fast reaction dynamics, low polarization voltages, and a stable cycling performance over 1000 cycles at 60 mA g –1 and 25 ± 1 °C with a 0.0048% capacity decay per cycle and a final discharge capacity of 83.5 mAh g −1 .