Proton pump inhibitors and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A case-control study

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been investigated as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, in particular in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, strongly supporting this association (results are summarized in Table 1). Table 1Studies investigating proton pump inhibitors as risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders. Positive Results Negative Results Alzheimer's Disease Ahn et al., 2022 [ [1] Ahn N. Nolde M. Günter A. Güntner F. Gerlach R. Tauscher M. Amann U. Linseisen J. Meisinger C. Rückert-Eheberg I.M. Baumeister S.E. Emulating a target trial of proton pump inhibitors and dementia risk using claims data. Eur. J. Neurol. 2022; 29: 1335-1343 Crossref Scopus (12) Google Scholar ], Haenisch et al., 2015 [ [4] Haenisch B. von Holt K. Wiese B. Prokein J. Lange C. Ernst A. Brettschneider C. König H.H. Werle J. Weyerer S. Luppa M. Risk of dementia in elderly patients with the use of proton pump inhibitors. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2015; 265: 419-428 Crossref PubMed Scopus (181) Google Scholar ], Juntunen et al., [ [6] Juntunen H. Taipale H. Tanskanen A. Tolppanen A.M. Tiihonen J. Hartikainen S. Tiihonen M. Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors among community-dwelling persons with and without Alzheimer's disease. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2017; 73: 1149-1158 Crossref Scopus (6) Google Scholar ], Xu et al., 2023 [ [9] Xu J. Wang F. Zang C. Zhang H. Niotis K. Liberman A.L. Stonnington C.M. Ishii M. Adekkanattu P. Luo Y. Mao C. Comparing the effects of four common drug classes on the progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia using electronic health records. Sci. Rep. 2023; 13: 8102 Crossref Scopus (1) Google Scholar ], Zhang et al., 2022 [ [10] Zhang P. Li Z. Chen P. Zhang A. Zeng Y. Zhang X. Huang Q. Liu D. Qi S. Mao C. Regular proton pump inhibitor use and incident dementia: population-based cohort study. BMC Med. 2022; 20: 271 Crossref Scopus (9) Google Scholar ] Hussain et al., 2020 [ [5] Hussain S. Singh A. Zameer S. Jamali M.C. Baxi H. Rahman S.O. Alam M. Altamish M. Singh A.K. Anil D. Hussain M.S. No association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of dementia: evidence from a meta-analysis. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2020; 35: 19-28 Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar ] Parkinson's Disease Chen et al., 2023 [ [3] Chen H.L. Lei W.Y. Wang J.H. Bair M.J. Chen C.L. Proton pump inhibitor use and the risk for Parkinson's disease: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan. Medicine. 2023; 102e33711 Google Scholar ], im et al., 2022 [ [7] Kim J.H. Oh J.K. Kim Y.H. Kwon M.J. Kim J.H. Choi H.G. Association between proton pump inhibitor use and Parkinson's disease in a Korean population. Pharmaceuticals. 2022; 15: 327 Crossref Scopus (4) Google Scholar ], Nielsen et al., 2012 [ [8] Nielsen H.H. Qiu J. Friis S. Wermuth L. Ritz B. Treatment for helicobacter pylori infection and risk of Parkinson's disease in Denmark. Eur. J. Neurol. 2012; 9: 864-869 Crossref Scopus (114) Google Scholar ] – Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis – Cetin et el., 2020 [ [2] Cetin H. Sun J. Almqvist C. Reichardt B. Tomschik M. Zimprich F. Fang F. Ingre C. No association between proton pump inhibitor use and ALS risk: a nationwide nested case–control study. Sci. Rep. 2020; 10: 13371 Crossref Scopus (5) Google Scholar ], current study Open table in a new tab