Sleep health and associated factors among undergraduates during the COVID-19 in China: A two-wave network analysis

Using network analysis, the current study investigated the pathways that underlie selected components of sleep health and their changes over time. Undergraduates ( N = 1423; 80.60% female) completed a two-wave survey, sleep health (i.e. chronotypologies (CTs), sleep procrastination (SP), sleep quality (SQ)), psychological distress (PD), emotion regulation (ER), self-control (SC), problematic smartphone use (PSU) were measured. CTs, SP, and SQ formed a spatially contiguous pattern that remained unchanged in both waves. ER and PD node increased its strength, betweenness, and closeness in the network, while the link between the two was strengthened at T2. PSU was connected to SP, but not to CTs and SQ during both waves. In the context of the network approach, SP had the highest strength, and its associations with other dimensions of individual sleep may represent key factors in understanding the influence of exposure to the COVID-19 outbreak on sleep health.