Recent advances in electrode engineering strategies for aqueous Zn-based batteries

Aqueous Zn-based batteries (AZBs) are promising for large-scale stationary grid storage and portable electronic devices owing to their high safety, cost efficiency, environmental benignity, and desirable power density. However, further development of AZBs is severely plagued by the limited energy density and inferior lifespan. Summarizing the material design principles for the cathode materials and Zn metal anodes (ZMAs) is crucial for the improvement of AZBs. In this review, we focus on the key scientific challenges of electrode materials and provide a comprehensive overview of the recent progress on the rational design principles for high-performance cathode materials, as well as efficient electrode modification strategies toward dendrite-free and long-life ZMAs, aiming to promote the potential practical application of AZBs. Finally, we will provide some observations on the current major bottlenecks and propose prospective solutions.