Small molecule and peptide CXCR4 antagonists. A patent review from 2019 to 2024

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been under intense study due to the central role it plays in immune system regulation and the pathology of human disease. Although the first CXCR4 drug plerixafor emerged over a decade ago (2007), recently the first peptide (motixafortide, 2023) and the first oral small molecule (mavorixafor, 2024) CXCR4 antagonists became FDA approved. This article describes patent documents published during the period of 2019 through 2024 for both small molecule and peptides. This IP includes few new chemotypes, with most being extensions of existing structural classes. There is also less significant IP covering peptide-based therapeutics than those covering small molecules. Notably, multiple therapeutic uses have also emerged. Patents were searched from SciFinder (CAS) and Google Patents with the term CXCR4 antagonists. Patents were selected according to whether they fit into the classification of small molecules or peptides. In the last five years there has been significant advancement in CXCR4 antagonists as gauged by the FDA approval of two drugs. The search for second and third generation compounds will be the focus of future efforts with new uses and better properties which likely could come from some of the IP described herein.