Deep Learning Model Coupling Wearable Bioelectric and Mechanical Sensors for Refined Muscle Strength Assessment

Muscle strength (MS) is related to our neural and muscle systems, essential for clinical diagnosis and rehabilitation evaluation. Although emerging wearable technology seems promising for MS assessment, problems still exist, including inaccuracy, spatiotemporal differences, and analyzing methods. In this study, we propose a wearable device consisting of myoelectric and strain sensors, synchronously acquiring surface electromyography and mechanical signals at the same spot during muscle activities, and then employ a deep learning model based on temporal convolutional network (TCN) + Transformer (Tcnformer), achieving accurate grading and prediction of MS. Moreover, by combining with deep clustering, named Tcnformer deep cluster (TDC), we further obtain a 25-level classification for MS assessment, refining the conventional 5 levels. Quantification and validation showcase a patient’s postoperative recovery from level 3.2 to level 3.6 in the first few days after surgery. We anticipate that this system will importantly advance precise MS assessment, potentially improving relevant clinical diagnosis and rehabilitation outcomes.