Recent advances and prospects of symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with symmetrical electrodes have been investigated extensively because of their potential significant advantages compared to the traditional configurations, regarding manufacturing, thermomechanical compatibility with cell components, operation stability, anting sulfur poisoning and carbon deposition. Many electrodes with novel structure and properties are currently being developed and studied in recent years. In this review, we summarized the recent advances of symmetrical SOFCs on their electrode materials, applications and prospects. The electrode materials include single phased perovskite, double perovskite, perovskite derived structures and composite electrodes. The relationships between the electrode materials and relevant properties are discussed. The applications and perspectives are highlighted, providing critical and useful directions for researchers to prepare and design electrode materials rationally.