Improvements in Maximal Oxygen Uptake After Sprint-Interval Training Coincide with Increases in Central Hemodynamic Factors

ABSTRACT Introduction Sprint-interval training has been shown to improve maximal oxygen uptake, in part through peripheral muscle adaptations that increase oxygen utilization. In contrast, the adaptations of central hemodynamic factors in this context remain unexplored. Purpose The aim of the current study was to explore the effects of sprint-interval training on maximal oxygen uptake and central hemodynamic factors. Methods Healthy men and women ( n = 29; mean age, 27 ± 5 yr; height, 175 ± 8 cm; body mass, 72.5 ± 12.0 kg) performed 6 wk of sprint-interval training consisting of three weekly sessions of 10-min low-intensity cycling interspersed with 3 × 30-s all-out sprints. Maximal oxygen uptake, total blood volume, and maximal cardiac output were measured before and after the intervention. Results Maximal oxygen uptake increased by 10.3% ( P < 0.001). Simultaneously, plasma volume, blood volume, total hemoglobin mass, and cardiac output increased by 8.1% (276 ± 234 mL; P < 0.001), 6.8% (382 ± 325 mL; P < 0.001), 5.7% (42 ± 41 g; P < 0.001), and 8.5% (1.0 ± 0.9 L·min −1 ; P < 0.001), respectively. Increased total hemoglobin mass along with measures of body surface area had a significant impact on the improvements in maximal oxygen uptake. Conclusions Six weeks of sprint-interval training results in significant increases in hemoglobin mass, blood volume, and cardiac output. Because these changes were associated with marked improvements in maximal oxygen uptake, we conclude that central hemodynamic adaptations contribute to the improvement in maximal oxygen uptake during sprint-interval training.