Multimodal Treatment for a Giant Unresectable Peripheral Arteriovenous Malformation

Peripheral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a rare type of vascular malformation with direct connections between arteries and veins, which bypass capillary beds. Symptoms such as deformities, pain, ulcerations, hemorrhage, and even cardiac failure may lead to physical and psychosocial disorders and sometimes amputation (1). Surgical eradication of AVMs poses a high risk of massive bleeding even after embolization or ligation of feeding arteries and draining veins, given the complicated vascular communication.