Methods for environmental monitoring of pesticide exposure

Environmental monitoring of pesticide exposure is a key element of the holistic study of pesticides' effects in human and animal health and the environment. The purpose of the current chapter is to present the existing methods for pesticide environmental monitoring, to give basic information on them, and to support the reader with a number of selected references for a more in-depth study of each one. Under the frame of the current chapter refers to exposure through open air, soil, water, and in-house environments meaning residences. In terms of environmental exposure and water, we refer to sea and freshwater, considering the potable water as part of the area of dietary exposure.