A review on the production, properties and applications of non-isocyanate polyurethane: A greener perspective

• Importance of NIPU over the conventional PU have been discussed. • Summarizes different synthetic approaches for partial green polyurethane (GPU) and non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU). • Recent literatures on the advancement in NIPU have also discussed. • The properties and applications in the field of coatings, adhesives, foams and biomedical have discussed in detail. The continuous quest for green and sustainable polymeric material has become a topic of interest. In this context, nonisocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) materials are considered the best being ecofriendly and nontoxic in nature and have attracted great deal of attention as compared to the conventional polyurethane (PU) obtained from petroleum resources and isocyanates. This review article first highlights the importance of NIPU over the conventional PU. The review further discusses the summary of different synthetic approaches for partial green polyurethane (GPU), which was produced using vegetable oil and isocyanates. Further, to remove the shortcomings of isocyanates and to produce complete GPU, the production of NIPU has been discussed in detail. The recent literatures on the advancement in NIPU have also discussed in this review along with their properties and applications in the various fields. Furthermore, the future prospects of NIPU have also been portrayed here.