[Effectiveness of ketamine in the treatment of refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus in children].

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of ketamine in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and super refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) in children. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to collect and analyze the medical data of 18 children with RSE or SRSE who received ketamine in intensive care unit of Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018. According to the different regimen of ketamine, all children were divided into the loading-maintenance group (7 cases) and the maintenance group (11 cases). According to the control of status epilepticus, the patients were divided into controlled group (11 cases) and non-responsive group (7 cases).Wilcoxon's rank sum test or Fisher's exact test were used to compare the effectiveness between groups. Results: There were 9 males and 9 females in the study group, aged 6.7 (4.5, 9.0) years. Seven cases had RSE and the remaining had SRSE. Four cases died during hospitalization. After the initiation of ketamine treatment, RSE and SRSE were controlled in 11 children. The duration of ketamine administration was 4 (2, 11) days. The dose was 2.2 (1.2, 5.3) mg/(kg·h) in all patients, and 2.4 (1.3, 6.0) mg/(kg·h), 2.0 (1.0, 4.0) mg/(kg · h) in the controlled and non-responsive group, respectively (Z=-0.272, P=0.791). The RSE or SRSE were terminated in all the 7 patients who received loading dose of ketamine, with the dose of 1.5 (0.3,1.6) mg/kg. In the 11 patients who only received maintenance treatment, 4 had the RSE and SRSE terminated, which showed a significantly lower effectiveness than in loading-maintenance group (7/7 vs. 4/11, P=0.01). Regarding the adverse reactions, saliva secretion increased in 8 children during the ketamine administration, otherwise unremarkable. Conclusion: Loading dose followed by maintenance of ketamine can control children's RSE and SRSE well, without significant adverse reactions.目的： 探讨氯胺酮治疗儿童难治性癫痫持续状态（RSE）和超级难治性癫痫持续状态（SRSE）的有效性。 方法： 回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年12月在首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院重症监护病房接受氯胺酮治疗的18例RSE及SRSE患儿的病例资料、治疗及预后情况。按氯胺酮用药方式分为首剂负荷推注+静脉泵维持注射（泵维）组（7例）和单纯泵维组（11例)；按癫痫持续状态临床控制情况分控制组（11例）和无反应组（7例)。组间比较用Wilcoxon秩和检验或Fisher确切概率法。 结果： 18例患儿中男9例、女9例，年龄6.7(4.5,9.0)岁；7例RSE，11例SRSE。4例于住院期间死亡。11例使用氯胺酮后RSE或SRSE控制，7例无反应。氯胺酮持续应用时间4(2，11)d。18例氯胺酮泵维剂量为2.2(1.2,5.3)mg/(kg·h)。控制组氯胺酮泵维剂量为2.4(1.3,6.0) mg/(kg·h)，无反应组泵维剂量2.0(1.0,4.0) mg/(kg·h)，两组差异无统计学意义（Z=-0.272，P=0.791）。7例负荷+泵维给药的患儿，RSE或SRSE均终止，负荷量1.5(0.3,1.6) mg/kg；11例泵维组患儿中4例RSE或SRSE终止。氯胺酮负荷+泵维组RSE或SRSE控制率优于泵维组（P=0.01)。氯胺酮用药期间8例唾液分泌增多，未见其他不良反应。 结论： 氯胺酮治疗儿童RSE及SRSE有一定效果，负荷量联合泵维给药的方式可能具有一定优势。.