Metal–Organic Frameworks as a Theranostic Nanoplatform for Combinatorial Chemophotothermal Therapy Adapted to Different Administration

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanomaterial drug delivery systems have provided an alternative for designing controllable drug delivery systems due to their spatiotemporally controllable properties. As a new type of porous material, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely used in biomedical applications, especially drug delivery systems, owing to their tunable pore size, high surface area and pore volume, and easy surface modification. Here, we demonstrate an MOF as a theranostic nanoplatform to combine drug therapy and phototherapy after labeling targeting peptide iRGD. The micropore Fe-MOF was used as MRI agents for locating tumors and as nanocarriers to upload chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, MOF showed excellent targeting performance under different administration including intravenous injection for breast cancer and local instillation for bladder cancer. Notably, when irradiated with an 808 nm laser, the agent demonstrates the high efficacy of photothermal therapy and heat release efficiency of the drug around the tumor site. This combination therapy provides an alternative drug administration method and can be adapted to a series of cancer cell types and molecular targets associated with disease progression.