Hemiarthroplasty in a Patient With Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the Shoulder

We report the 2-year follow-up results of a hemiarthroplasty in a 29-year-old patient with pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) with extra-articular extension and severe bony destruction. The patient presented with diffuse pain and swelling of the right shoulder for several years. Radiographs showed severe osteolytic lesions in the humeral head and neck, greater tuberosity, and a small osteolytic lesion in the glenoid neck area. Further examination with magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder joint showed a large, lobulated soft tissue mass extending from the subdeltoid area to the chest wall invading the adjacent bony structures. The operative findings included a large, multilobulated, yellowish-brown mass extending from the subdeltoid area to the axillary pouch, subacromial space, and thoracic wall. The mass invaded the anatomical neck area of the humeral head and caused a fracture of the humeral head. We observed a complete rupture of the long head of the biceps tendon, supraspinatus tendon, and infraspinatus tendon, but the subscapularis tendon was partially ruptured. We performed the complete excision and cemented hemiarthroplasty. At 2-year follow-up, no signs of local recurrence were present. The patient had no significant pain and achieved a good functional result. To the best of our knowledge, 1 report with shoulder hemiarthroplasty in PVNS of the shoulder has been published in the English literature. For PVNS of the shoulder with a large extra-articular extension and bony destruction, shoulder arthroplasty with total synovectomy produces the lowest recurrence rates because of better access and excision to the posterior location of the PVNS lesion.