Validity of the MicroDYN approach: Complex problem solving predicts school grades beyond working memory capacity

This study examines the validity of the complex problem solving (CPS) test MicroDYN by investigating a) the relation between its dimensions – rule identification (exploration strategy), rule knowledge (acquired knowledge), rule application (control performance) – and working memory capacity (WMC), and b) whether CPS predicts school grades in different domains beyond WMC. A sample of n = 393 German high school students (age M = 17.07, SD = 1.12) completed the computer-based tests Memory Updating Numerical and the CPS scenario MicroDYN. Using structural equation modeling, WMC predicted rule knowledge and rule application, which remained substantially correlated after controlling for WMC. Rule knowledge predicted school grades in science and social studies beyond WMC, but not in language subjects. Explanations for the differential concurrent validity of CPS as well as prerequisites for valid CPS assessment are discussed.