晶界
变阻器
材料科学
微观结构
电阻率和电导率
掺杂剂
相(物质)
兴奋剂
介电谱
粒度
分析化学(期刊)
陶瓷
矿物学
冶金
电极
化学
电气工程
物理化学
光电子学
电化学
电压
有机化学
工程类
色谱法
作者
Xiangkai Xiao,Liaoying Zheng,Lihong Cheng,Tian Tian,Xuezhong Ruan,Matejka Podlogar,Slavko Bernik,Guorong Li
摘要
The phase evolution, microstructure, and electrical properties of WO 3 ‐doped ZnO–Bi 2 O 3 ‐based varistors were investigated for different amounts x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.60 mol%) of the dopant. When x was less than 0.40, the dissolved W 6+ in the β‐Bi 2 O 3 acted as a donor in the grain boundaries and reduced the electrical properties of the ZnO varistors. However, when x was 0.40 mol%, which meant an amount of WO 3 equal to that of Bi 2 O 3 , the electrical properties dramatically increased, which means the W 6+ donor effect is removed at the grain boundaries because a new Bi 2 WO 6 phase was formed in the grain‐boundary regions. The Bi 2 WO 6 phase has high oxygen conductivity at high temperatures; it transfers more oxygen to the grain boundaries in order to further enhance the electrical properties. For x values higher than 0.40 (i.e., an addition of WO 3 that is greater than the content of Bi 2 O 3 ), the electrical properties were steadily reduced in comparison to the composition with x = 0.40. This could be explained by the reduced amount of Co, Mn, and Al at the grain boundaries and in the ZnO grains as a result of their incorporation into the ZnWO 4 phase. The electrical properties of the ZnO grains and the grain boundaries were in agreement with the results of the impedance spectroscopy analysis.
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