免疫监视
背景(考古学)
癌症
炎症
癌症研究
转移
结直肠癌
肿瘤微环境
生物
肝硬化
代谢活性
医学
肝癌
内科学
免疫学
生理学
古生物学
作者
Xin Li,Pierluigi Ramadori,Dominik Pfister,Marco Seehawer,Lars Zender,Mathias Heikenwälder
出处
期刊:Nature Reviews Cancer
[Springer Nature]
日期:2021-07-29
卷期号:21 (9): 541-557
被引量:308
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41568-021-00383-9
摘要
The liver is the sixth most common site of primary cancer in humans, and generally arises in a background of cirrhosis and inflammation. Moreover, the liver is frequently colonized by metastases from cancers of other organs (particularly the colon) because of its anatomical location and organization, as well as its unique metabolic and immunosuppressive environment. In this Review, we discuss how the hepatic microenvironment adapts to pathologies characterized by chronic inflammation and metabolic alterations. We illustrate how these immunological or metabolic changes alter immunosurveillance and thus hinder or promote the development of primary liver cancer. In addition, we describe how inflammatory and metabolic niches affect the spreading of cancer metastases into or within the liver. Finally, we review the current therapeutic options in this context and the resulting challenges that must be surmounted.
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