Traumatic Cervical Facet Fractures and Dislocations

Flexion-distraction, axial loading, and rotational forces can cause various degrees of osseoligamentous disruption of the cervical spine, leading to traumatic cervical facet fractures and dislocations.Low-energy forces lead to minimally displaced facet fractures that often can be treated with immobilization only. High-energy forces are more likely to cause unstable injuries with or without neurologic compromise, which may require surgical intervention.The initial treatment of cervical facet injuries requires patient evaluation and management through the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocols, while definitive management varies based on the biomechanical components of the injury, the neurologic status of the patient, and additional patient factors.Cervical facet injuries often require a multidisciplinary approach to optimize long-term functional outcomes and minimize serious complications.